gRPC / gRPC-Web: ментальная модель

Question

Accepted Answer

gRPC — method-centric RPC: `.proto` → typed codegen, binary Protobuf over HTTP/2. REST/GraphQL — data-centric; gRPC выглядит как локальный method call через сеть.

## Разбор

REST и GraphQL — resources/graph. gRPC — **method-centric**: `userService.GetUser({ id: 7 })` — method call, но network round trip. Контракт — **`.proto`**, compile обе стороны → no drift.

```protobuf
// user.proto — the single source of truth for BOTH client and server
service UserService {
  rpc GetUser(GetUserRequest) returns (User);            // unary
  rpc ListUsers(ListReq) returns (stream User);          // server streaming
  rpc Chat(stream Msg) returns (stream Msg);             // bidirectional streaming
}
message User { int32 id = 1; string name = 2; }          // field NUMBERS are the contract
```

**Protobuf** — compact binary, tag numbers без имён на wire. **HTTP/2** — multiplexing + native streaming. Built for **service-to-service** microservices backend.

Browser — **gRPC-Web** через proxy; теряет full bidi streaming.

## Итог

gRPC = typed contracts + small fast payloads для backend; browser path — gRPC-Web с ограничениями.